With the expansion of electronic learning environments and their combination with the real learning situations, some teachers have utilized them to design learning activities. Such usage can help with the improvement of teaching and learning outcomes. To assess such improvements, a group of Hamadaani teachers active in the area of creating electronic content with the help of students was interviewed and continued to the point of saturation when 20 teachers were interviewed. Theme analyses of the responses yielded positive results all around. Technically, in the opinion of interviewed teachers, students learned skills related to work with the Internet and different software and hardware. Cognitively, they believe that their students have developed critical thinking and lasting learning skills. They also improved in the metacognitive area as they were able to better understand their own abilities, the nature of the tasks, and ways of evaluating their quality. Motivationally too, the students as a result of involvement in production of the content were much more interested in the learning of the subject, according to the teachers. Thus, further research and usage are suggested.

The doctrine that the content of the conclusion of a deductively valid argument is included in the content of its premises, taken jointly, is a familiar one. It has important consequences for the question of what value valid arguments possess, since it indicates the poverty of three traditional answers: that arguments may and should be used as instruments of persuasion, that they may and should be used as instruments of justification; and that they may and should be used to advance knowledge. The truth is, however, that in each of these cases the argument has only a managerial role and, if there is any work done, it is the premises that do it. It will be maintained that this point has little force against the critical rationalist answer, which I shall defend, that the principal purpose of deductive reasoning from an assemblage of premises is the exploration of their content, facilitating their criticism and rejection. That said, the main aim of the present paper is not to promote critical rationalism but to consider some published objections to the doctrine that a statement asserts every statement that is validly deducible from it. The alleged counterexamples to be considered fall roughly into two groups: statements that emerge with time from a rich mathematical or empirical theory, but were originally unformulated and are deducible from the theory only in a non-trivial way (Frederick 2011, 2014; Williamson 2012); and statements, notably disjunctions, that are easily formulated and are deducible from a theory in a trivial way (Schurz & Weingartner 1987; Mura 1990, 2008; Gemes 1994; Yablo 2014). Each of these counterexamples will be evaluated and dismissed.

Background and Aim: Thalassemia is a chronic disease which is extremely expensive, complex and debilitating. The management skill of thalassemia patients should be enhanced to minimize the risk of disease complications. The main purpose of this study was to develop personal electronic health records for thalassemia major patients.Materials and Methods: This is a developmental applied study which was conducted to develop a personal electronic health record for thalassemia major.First, a questionnaire was prepared to determine the data elements and was filled by Hematology and Oncology professionals in the country (110 persons). Then, based on the results of needs analysis, the system was designed using PHP programming language and MySQL database and was evaluated by 50 thalassemia patients who referred to the Thalassemia Clinic of Bu Ali Sina Hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical of Sciences during the second half of the month of Aban.Finally, a standard questionnaire of usability and user satisfaction assessment was distributed among them.Results: Usability evaluation of the system showed that patients evaluated the system at a good level with a mean rating of 7.91 (out of 9 points).Conclusion: The web-based systems can be used to help thalassemia patients to control injection and reduce the complications of the disease and to promote health.

The rapid generalization of educational technology can be seen as a revolution in education. Accordingly, the forthcoming, not too distant, in the "Council for the Study of Texts and Textbooks" seems to be the focus on examining the content of electronic textbooks along with printed books. The initial step in criticizing electronic content is identifying features, functions, and requirements of an electronic syllabus. The purpose of this research is to review the requirements and the production of academic electronic content in the field of history. This is an attempt to get an idea of how these works are appropriately criticized. A part of these studies is about how to use multimedia facilities in electronic content to teach history at the university. Based on this, the main issue of this study is how to align history teaching with the capabilities, methods, and tools of education in the electronic education system and electronic content. This study was conducted using descriptive-analytical method. This study showed that the nature and content of the history courses are very much aligned with e-learning. The data from this research can be a useful tool for developing a critique of electronic content, especially in the field of history.

Today، the use of information and communication technology (ICT) is an important and key factor in the progress of all organizations، including health-centered and health systems. Given the importance of the subject matter above، these organizations have created a particular transformation and change in order to upgrade their systems in use، one of which is the creation of Electronic Health Records (EHR). This evolving system، by increasing productivity، both by increasing staffing efficiency and by increasing the effectiveness of the treatment process، simplifies the diagnosis path to treatment and prevents the submission of written and bulky reports. Given the ethical principles of protecting the privacy of patients and the confidentiality of their information، how to archive electronic medical records in a secure database is very important. This is one of the most important issues of ethics and hospital managers should provide mechanisms to keep all patient data properly stored and maintained. In this paper، we have tried to provide a model for the Electronic Health Record Hospital، which many of them could use to optimize their medical records systems. The purpose of this model is to accelerate and apply the process of creating electronic records in the health system، especially government hospitals with a large number of patients. By using this model، internal and external interaction of organization is facilitated، and agile responsiveness can be provided at a given time. In addition to the above، with the implementation and operationalization of the model، the possibility of reducing the volume of criticisms and complaints from hospitals will also be realized and the use of drugs will be based on the actual needs of the community and based on individual data. Implementation of this model also has barriers to addressing some of them in this article، but in order to overcome these barriers، more administrative effort and wider governmental support are needed. These efforts in the context of culture-building use of information technology، both among hospital personnel and among patients and healthcare users، are more important.

The present paper studies the necessity of creating an electronic city in the sustainable development of the 6th zone of Tabriz. The main research question is whether creating e-cities is necessary for sustainable development. The research method is descriptive and applied. The statistical population includes all the employees of Tabriz Municipality. The research sample was obtained using Morgan's Chart. In order to collect data, Likert's spectrum technique was used. This research aims, by providing the theoretical and conceptual framework and by clarifying the relationship between the e-city and sustainable development, to justify scientifically the necessity of creating e-cities in the world of sustainable development. The findings show that creating e-cities is necessary for sustainable development.

Background and Objectives: In today's world and in competitive business environments, the capacities, competencies and capabilities of human resources and their identification, development and updating play a very decisive role in the survival and continuation of the life of the organization and organizations can, by no means, pass by them without having a systematic plan. Manpower is recognized as a strategic resource and knowledge capital of organizations, and certainly any disregard for their capabilities and competencies will deprive organizations of competitive advantage and make them victims of change and serious rivalries. Advances in technology and the digitalization of human life in recent years have created new needs in the labor market and even in people's lives as a result of which the job market has changed day by day and different types of jobs have been created. The widespread presence of businesses on the web and social networks and the use of sites and blogs to promote and sell products has created the need to produce content and, therefore, the need for specialists in electronic content production is felt more than ever. In this regard, the aim of the present study is to identify the professional competencies of specialists in electronic content production.Methods: The research was conducted with a qualitative approach and qualitative content analysis method. The data required to achieve the research goal were collected by reviewing internal and external documents and interviews with experts, professors and postgraduate and doctoral students in educational technology, information technology, computer and curriculum planning with expertise in the field of e-learning who had experience in producing electronic content. First, in order to identify the competencies of  specialist in electronic content production, articles, books, publications, and reputable domestic and foreign scientific sites related to the electronic content production curriculum were reviewed by using the review method of descriptive studies to select scientific sources from reputable sites, such as ScienceDirect, SAGE, Elsevier, Scopus, Eric. The selection criteria for the articles and resources of these sites were that the selected articles had to have been published in the period of 2000 to 2021 and also, they had to be related to the production of electronic content and competency criteria in the curriculum. After identifying the elements and indicators with experts, professors and postgraduate and doctoral students in educational technology, information technology, computer and curriculum planning, with expertise in the field of e-learning who had experience in producing electronic content, an interview with a semi-structured format was conducted regarding these criteria and the amount of their importance and adequacy. se the purpose of these interviews was to identify the hidden dimensions and components or indicators that may not have been mentioned in the previous theoretical foundations and research. The field of research included all professors and postgraduate and doctoral students in educational technology, information technology, computer and curriculum planning who were experienced in the research field of e-learning and e-content production. The research sample was determined purposefully based on the principle of data adequacy.Findings: The research findings categorized the professional competencies of the experts in  the production of electronic content in three categories of cognitive competencies (with two categories of specialized knowledge in the field of electronic content production and general knowledge), skill competencies (with four categories of training skills, design skills, production skills and soft skills) and attitudinal competencies (with three categories of attitude principles related to the field of electronic content production, ethical principles and cultural and social principles).Conclusion: The findings of this study can be used in different stages of designing a competency-based electronic content production curriculum.